Male-Pattern Hair Loss
Male pattern hair loss – from a dermatological perspective
Male pattern hair loss, also known as androgenetic alopecia, is a common condition characterized by progressive thinning of hair on the scalp in a specific pattern. While the exact cause of male pattern hair loss is not fully understood, it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Dermatological Factors That Play a Role in the Development of Male Pattern Hair Loss
Genetic Predisposition
Male pattern hair loss tends to run in families, suggesting a strong genetic component. Specific genes related to hair follicle sensitivity to hormones are thought to contribute to the condition. The most well-known gene associated with male pattern hair loss is the androgen receptor gene (AR), which regulates the response of hair follicles to androgens (male sex hormones).
Hormonal Factors
Androgens, particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are believed to be key contributors to male pattern hair loss. DHT is derived from testosterone by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, which is present in hair follicles. In individuals with a genetic predisposition, DHT binds to androgen receptors on hair follicles, leading to a miniaturization of the follicles, shortened hair growth cycles, and gradual hair thinning.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal changes also play a significant role in hair health. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can result in hair thinning due to an overproduction of male hormones. Similarly, menopause can lead to hair thinning as estrogen levels decrease. Thyroid disorders, including both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, are also culprits behind hair loss.
Micro-inflammation
Chronic low-grade inflammation around the hair follicles may contribute to hair loss. It is believed that immune system factors and inflammatory mediators may disrupt the normal hair growth cycle, leading to follicular miniaturization and hair thinning.
Environmental Factors
Certain environmental factors may exacerbate or accelerate the progression of male pattern hair loss. These include exposure to certain pollutants, toxins, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Additionally, some medications, such as anabolic steroids and certain chemotherapy drugs, can induce or worsen hair loss.
